Breast cancer screening is the collective name for breast examination, mammography, and other screening techniques implemented to detect signs and symptoms associated with breast cancer at early stages. Through these regular check-ups, breast cancer can be discovered at more treatable early stages.
The primary goal of screening is to detect and treat breast cancer at the earliest stage without posing a vital threat and preventing organ loss. Early diagnosis not only saves lives but also preserves the organ and may eliminate the need for intensive treatment required in advanced cancer stages. Breast Cancer Screening Methods, as previously mentioned, encompass a wide spectrum of screening techniques including breast examination, mammography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and breast ultrasound.
How is a Breast Examination Performed?
A breast examination involves the manual inspection of the breast and can be carried out by individuals at home as well as by healthcare professionals in a clinical setting. During this manual inspection, any changes, masses, or other abnormalities detected in the breast tissue should be promptly shared with a specialist doctor. However, a breast examination alone is not a confirmatory method for cancer, and in suspicious cases, further tests such as imaging tests like mammography or ultrasound and detailed evaluation through biopsy may be required. Regular breast examinations play a significant role in early diagnosis and can be life-saving.
What is Mammography?
Mammography is the process of imaging breast tissue using X-ray and is considered the gold standard in breast cancer screening. This method allows detection of abnormalities in the breast tissue, particularly small tumors or microcalcifications (small calcium deposits) that are often not palpable at early stages. The primary aim of mammography is to detect cancer while it is more easily treatable before it poses a significant risk.
How is Mammography Performed?
During a mammogram, breast tissue is gently compressed between specialized plates to capture images in two planes. This compression helps obtain clearer images of the breast, though it may be uncomfortable for some women. The procedure is typically brief and completed within a few minutes. Mammography is conducted as an outpatient procedure, and patients can return to their normal activities immediately afterward.
Who Should Have Mammography?
Mammography screenings are generally recommended for women starting at age 40 or 50, but it may be initiated earlier depending on personal and family risk factors. Women are typically advised to have mammograms every two years, though those at high risk may require more frequent screening. Personal risk factors, including family history, genetic factors, and previous breast diseases, should be evaluated by a specialist doctor.
The Importance of Mammography
When detected at an early stage, the chances of treating breast cancer are significantly increased, making mammography a vital screening tool. Early diagnosis typically allows for the use of less aggressive treatment options and considerably improves women's survival rates. In addition to early diagnosis, mammography plays a critical role in monitoring existing abnormalities and evaluating the effectiveness of treatment.
Frequently Asked Questions
How is a self-breast examination performed and how often should it be done?
Is mammography harmful, does it pose a radiation risk?
Mammography uses ionizing radiation for imaging. The radiation dose used is quite low and minimized with modern equipment. Experts indicate that the benefits of mammography outweigh its potential harms. Women who suspect they might be pregnant should share this information with their doctor.
If there is no history of breast cancer in my family, should I still have regular check-ups?
Even without a family history of breast cancer, regular check-ups are recommended for women. This is because breast cancer can develop without genetic predisposition. Mammography screenings and annual clinical breast examinations are recommended for all women aged 40 and above. Self-breast examinations can also help identify changes. Since risk factors vary from person to person, medical history should be evaluated with a specialist.
What can be done to prevent breast cancer?
Effective steps to reduce breast cancer risk include healthy eating, maintaining an ideal weight, regular exercise, and avoiding smoking and alcohol use. If hormonal therapy is being used, lifestyle changes can be made under specialist supervision.