Macular degeneration, medically known as age-related macular degeneration, is a significant eye disease that causes vision loss, particularly in older age. There are two different forms of the disease: dry and wet. The dry type progresses more slowly but can lead to long-term losses in visual functions. These losses may include reduced contrast sensitivity, difficulty in dark adaptation, impaired electrophysiological sensitivity, and decreased visual acuity. Photobiomodulation (FBM) Therapy, developed in recent years, emerges as an effective method aimed at improving visual quality in dry type macular degeneration.
What is Photobiomodulation Therapy?
FBM therapy is an innovative treatment method based on the application of alternating red and yellow light stimuli to the eye. This therapy, approved by health authorities in Europe and America, aims to reduce the negative impacts of dry type macular degeneration on vision. FBM therapy can improve visual functions without causing any damage to eye tissues. Improvements have been particularly observed in contrast sensitivity and results of electrophysiological tests (mfERG).
How is it Applied?
There are two different protocols in FBM therapy:
- First Protocol: Applied 3 times a week for 3 weeks, totaling 9 sessions. This treatment can be repeated after 4-6 months.
- Second Protocol: The first course is conducted as 8 sessions twice a week for 4 weeks. The second course is done 6 months later as 6 sessions over 3 weeks.
These protocols are adjusted based on the patient's condition and have been proven to have no side effects during treatment.
Effects of Photobiomodulation Therapy
Although the therapy does not provide a complete cure for dry type macular degeneration, it offers a significant increase in visual quality. In intermediate dry type cases, a noticeable increase in the number of lines read by patients on the vision chart has been observed. FBM therapy is a promising method for preserving visual functions and enhancing patients' quality of life.
Micronutrition Therapy and Regular Follow-up
In addition to FBM therapy, vitamin supplements known as micronutrition therapy are also recommended for dry type macular degeneration. Regular eye examinations and close monitoring of the disease are crucial for the prevention of vision loss.
Photobiomodulation therapy presents itself as an effective option for the protection and improvement of visual functions in dry type macular degeneration. This revolutionary treatment method in the field of eye health is becoming increasingly widespread in our country as well as globally. If you have dry type macular degeneration, you can consult an ophthalmologist for detailed information about FBM therapy.
Photobiomodulation Therapy in Dry Type Macular Degeneration
Macular degeneration (age-related macular degeneration) is a progressive retinal disease that affects the center of vision, leading to a loss of central vision over time. This condition is particularly common in individuals over 50 and can significantly impact daily life quality. Macular degeneration is examined in two main forms: dry and wet types.
Dry type macular degeneration accounts for approximately 85-90% of cases and progresses more slowly. Over time, vision loss can reach severe levels. Recently, photobiomodulation therapy developed for dry type macular degeneration has attracted attention for its potential to slow the progression of the disease. This method aims to improve the function of retinal cells by stimulating cell metabolism with low-level laser or LED lights. Research indicates that this treatment method can show anti-inflammatory effects, increase intracellular energy production, and reduce oxidative stress.
Symptoms of Macular Degeneration
Macular degeneration may not cause noticeable complaints initially. In advanced stages, the following symptoms may emerge:
- Blurriness or dark spots in the center of images
- Straight lines appearing curved or wavy (metamorphopsia)
- Difficulty distinguishing colors
- Struggles in activities requiring close range, such as reading and writing
- Light sensitivity or difficulty seeing in low light
These symptoms especially progress slowly in dry type macular degeneration. Regular eye check-ups are extremely important for the early diagnosis of the disease.
Treatment of Macular Degeneration
Treatment in macular degeneration varies according to the type of the disease. While anti-VEGF injections applied inside the eye can slow vision loss in the wet type, there is currently no curative treatment for dry type macular degeneration. Some supportive treatment approaches can control the progression of the disease. These treatment approaches include:
Photobiomodulation therapy: Supports cell renewal and energy production.
- AREDS/AREDS2 vitamin supplements: Can reduce oxidative stress and slow the progression of the disease.
- Healthy diet: A Mediterranean diet rich in antioxidants is recommended.
- Quitting smoking: Smoking can accelerate the progression of the disease.
- Assistive devices such as glasses or magnifiers: Support visual function.
Importance of Photobiomodulation in Dry Type Macular Degeneration
Photobiomodulation therapy can aid in preserving visual ability by supporting cell health, particularly in dry type patients. This therapy is a non-invasive method applied by an ophthalmologist in appropriate periods. During phototherapy, the patient does not feel pain or discomfort, and daily life can be resumed immediately after treatment. With regular application of this method, it is aimed to increase the patients' quality of life and preserve visual functions as much as possible.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the symptoms of macular degeneration?
Macular degeneration is a retinal disease that, especially with age, affects the center of vision. In the early stages, patients generally do not experience any symptoms. As the disease progresses, issues such as blurring in central vision, letters appearing faint while reading, difficulty in recognizing faces, and inability to distinguish details may arise. Colors may appear faded or different, straight lines may look curved or broken, and seeing in dim lighting can become more challenging. Visual impairments typically progress slowly and can affect both eyes. Therefore, seeing an ophthalmologist as soon as symptoms are noticed is crucial.
Is photobiomodulation effective in the treatment of macular degeneration?
Photobiomodulation is a next-generation treatment approach that aims to support cell metabolism using low-level light energy. This method, particularly preferred in the dry type of macular degeneration, aids in the combat against oxidative stress in retinal cells. Light therapy can help reduce cellular damage and preserve visual functions by increasing the energy production of retinal cells. The treatment is generally painless and non-invasive, and when applied at regular intervals, it has the potential to slow the progression of the disease. As the suitability may vary for each patient, the use of photobiomodulation should be determined by the evaluation of a specialist physician.
How is dry type macular degeneration treated?
Currently, there is no treatment available that completely eliminates dry type macular degeneration. However, it is possible to slow the progression of the disease and control vision loss. One of the most important methods used for this purpose is AREDS or AREDS2 formulas containing antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements. These supplements can yield positive results, especially in individuals with intermediate or advanced stages of the disease. It is also recommended to make dietary patterns healthier, prefer foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, and increase the consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits. Quitting smoking, engaging in regular exercise, and applying supportive treatments such as photobiomodulation play a significant role in the disease process. Additionally, to compensate for vision loss, assistive visual devices such as magnifiers can be utilized.
What precautions should be taken in dry type macular degeneration?
To slow down the progression of the disease and maintain quality of life, it is quite important to take some simple but effective precautions. Firstly, regular eye examinations can help closely monitor the progression of the disease and detect potential complications at an early stage. Avoiding direct exposure to sunlight and using protective glasses when going outside can help reduce the adverse effects of UV rays on the retina. Checking changes in the visual field with a simple test called the Amsler grid at home can be beneficial for early detection of signs of transition to wet type. The regular consumption of foods containing antioxidants that support eye health, such as lutein and zeaxanthin, can strengthen retinal cells. Alongside these, avoiding smoking, limiting alcohol consumption, and ensuring a nutritious diet to maintain overall health are among the most important steps in preventing the disease's progression.