Eczema is a skin condition characterized by redness, itching, and inflammation, often chronic in nature. Also known as atopic dermatitis, this condition is particularly common in children but can occur at any age. Eczema can develop due to a combination of genetic factors and environmental triggers. Disruption of the skin barrier and immune system reactions play a significant role in the emergence of eczema.

Symptoms of Eczema

Typical symptoms of eczema include:

  • Dry - sensitive skin
  • Intense itching
  • Redness
  • Blisters
  • Crusting
  • Cracking

Treatment for Eczema

There is no definitive cure for eczema, but various methods can be used to keep symptoms under control and improve skin health:

  • Moisturizing: Dry skin can trigger eczema symptoms. Regular use of intensive moisturizers in daily skin care routines helps maintain the skin's moisture balance.
  • Topical Corticosteroids: Topical corticosteroid creams prescribed by a doctor can be used to reduce severe itching and inflammation. These creams are powerful medications and should be used with caution.
  • Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors: These creams, which help reduce inflammation and strengthen the skin barrier as an alternative to corticosteroids, are safer for long-term use.
  • Antihistamines: Can be used especially to control itching at night.
  • Daily Skin Care: It is important to avoid soaps and detergents that can irritate the skin and to use mild cleansers and water-based skin products.
  • Avoiding Environmental Triggers: Allergens such as pet fur, pollen, dust, and certain foods can trigger eczema symptoms. Identifying these triggers and avoiding them as much as possible can be beneficial.
  • Light Therapy (Phototherapy): In severe cases of eczema, ultraviolet light therapy can help alleviate symptoms.


The most important step in eczema treatment is understanding the needs of the skin and applying appropriate skin care routines. Moreover, consulting a specialist doctor (dermatologist) is crucial when symptoms worsen or cannot be controlled.

What Are the Types of Eczema?

Eczema is a versatile skin condition that can manifest in different ways. Symptoms may vary in every individual, and there are various types of eczema. Correct identification of these types is important for forming an effective treatment plan.

  • Atopic Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis): This is the most common type of eczema that starts in infancy. It is related to genetic predisposition and immune system sensitivity. It presents with itching, dryness, and recurring rashes.

 

  • Nummular Eczema (Discoid Eczema): Appears as round or oval red plaques. It mostly occurs in adults. It can cause severe itching accompanied by dryness and cracking of the skin.

 

  • Contact Dermatitis: Eczema may also develop from skin contact with certain substances. Irritating substances or allergens can lead to contact dermatitis. Gloves use, soaps, and cleaning products can trigger eczema.

 

  • Seborrheic Dermatitis: This is a type of eczema found on the scalp, sides of the nose, and behind the ears. It is characterized by oily, yellowish crusts. Known as scalp eczema, this form can be triggered by stress and hormonal changes.

 

  • Stress-Related Eczema: Immune system reactions caused by emotional stress can lead to eczema flare-ups. Symptoms may worsen during periods of stress in individuals with atopic dermatitis.

What Helps Eczema?

In eczema treatment, avoiding triggering factors is as important as alleviating symptoms. This can vary depending on the individual's type of eczema, age, and lifestyle.

  • Herbal Oils: Natural oils, such as coconut oil and olive oil, can be preferred for moisturizing the skin. They should be used with caution in allergic individuals.

  • Cold Compress: Applying a cold compress during times of intense itching can provide relief.

  • Regular Sleep and Stress Management: Sleep patterns and stress control can help balance the immune system and reduce eczema symptoms.

  • Dietary Regulation: A diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids may alleviate eczema symptoms. For some individuals, the consumption of dairy products or gluten may increase eczema, and doctor supervision is recommended.

Is Eczema Contagious?

No, it is not considered a contagious disease. The cause of eczema is not due to a microbial or infectious situation. This disease is related to hypersensitivity of the immune system and damage to the skin barrier. It does not pass from one person to another through direct contact. 

Frequently Asked Questions

What causes eczema?

Eczema can arise from the combination of genetic predisposition, immune system disorders, and environmental factors. Weakness in the skin barrier leads to water and moisture loss, disrupting the skin's defense mechanism. This results in dryness, itching, and inflammation of the skin. House dust mites, pollen, certain foods, and detergents can trigger eczema attacks.

How does eczema heal?

Eczema may not heal completely but can be controlled with appropriate treatment and care methods. Moisturizers that strengthen the skin barrier, topical treatments, antihistamines, and avoiding environmental triggers are the cornerstones of this process. There may be periods when eczema subsides (remission) and flares up (relapse). Therefore, regular monitoring and professional support are important.

What causes scalp eczema?

The most common cause of eczema on the scalp is seborrheic dermatitis. This condition is related to excessive oil production in the skin and the increase of a yeast-type fungus called Malassezia. It appears as dandruff, itching, redness, and crusting on the scalp. Cold weather, stress, hormonal changes, and certain hair products can trigger this condition. It can be controlled with medicated shampoos and steroid lotions.

What are the symptoms of stress-related eczema?

Stress-related eczema generally manifests with increased itching, redness, swelling, and rashes on the skin. It particularly appears on areas like the neck, inner elbows, and backs of the knees. Emotional stress affects the immune system and triggers inflammation, leading to skin reactions. In this case, stress management offers great benefits in addition to treatment.

Creation Date : 07.05.2025
Update Date : 30.06.2025
Author : Yeliz YİĞİT
Communication : 444 23 23
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