First aid for injuries is the initial intervention conducted to minimize the damage caused by external physical factors to the body. The severity of the injury may vary depending on the magnitude of the impact and the area of the body affected. Every injury might lead to more serious health issues than it appears. Therefore, taking all injuries seriously, consulting a doctor, and seeking appropriate treatment can prevent unfavorable situations that may arise in the future.
What is the ABC of First Aid?
In injuries, the "ABC," three vital signs, must always be checked. "ABC" stands for the control of airway, breathing, and circulation. In individuals who are conscious, can speak, and respond to their surroundings, these checks may not be necessary; however, in unconscious victims, these evaluations are critically important.
- Airway (A - Airway): If the patient cannot breathe, the head is gently tilted back to prevent the tongue from blocking the airway, and any obstructive object in the mouth or throat is removed.
- Breathing (B - Breathing): If the airway is open but there is no breathing, it is considered a possible lung-related issue.
- Circulation (C - Circulation): It is checked whether the patient's heart is working.
The correct assessment of these three critical signs and the implementation of appropriate first aid practices should only be carried out by trained individuals. When encountering such life-threatening situations, it is necessary to seek help from those nearby and call an ambulance without delay.
What is a Wound? How is First Aid Administered for Injuries?
A wound is the disruption of the integrity of the skin or subcutaneous tissue as a result of incidents such as cutting, hitting, or bumping. Injuries can occur in various forms. A cut wound occurs from sharp objects like glass or knives; a contusion occurs as a result of an impact from hard objects like stones, sticks, or fists. Penetrating wounds occur with long and sharp instruments. Deep and infected wounds, resulting from bites or stings, are also significant types of injuries. Common symptoms of wounds include pain, bleeding, and separation of wound edges.
In the initial phase of first aid for injuries, bleeding is first attempted to be stopped. If an object is embedded in the wound, it should not be removed. The injured person should be taken to a medical facility as soon as possible and made aware of the importance of a tetanus shot post-injury. In cases of penetrating chest wounds, the open wound is covered with a few layers of clean cloth or plastic material. If the injured person is conscious, they should be positioned in a semi-seated position, back supported, and placed in shock position with feet elevated 30 cm. In the case of penetrating abdominal wounds, the patient should lie on their back, and protruding organs should not be shoved back under the skin; they should be gathered over the wound and covered with a clean, moist cloth. Finally, medical assistance is called for.
Things to Consider When Calling 112:
- Provide clear and understandable answers to the questions asked by officials.
- It is important to provide a precise address of the scene, along with a known street or place name.
- The caller should provide their identity and phone number.
- The name of the patient or injured person and a description of the incident should be given.
- The number of people affected and their condition should be conveyed.
- If any first aid has been administered, the intervention performed should be explained.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the primary aims of first aid?
The primary aim of first aid is to eliminate the immediate threat to the victim's life, prevent the condition from worsening, and facilitate recovery. Therefore, swift intervention at the scene, preservation of vital functions, and applying necessary actions until medical assistance is available are important. Correct practices can prevent permanent damage and minimize the risk of death.
What should be included in a first aid kit?
A first aid kit must include sterile gauze, bandage, triangular bandage, adhesive tape, scissors, disposable gloves, antiseptic solution, thermometer, and a tourniquet. Additionally, burn ointment, pain relievers, allergy medication, and supplies based on personal health needs can be added.
How is first aid administered for nosebleeds?
During a nosebleed, the individual should sit upright and slightly lean their head forward. The nostrils should be pinched with fingers for 5-10 minutes to stop the bleeding. Do not tilt the head backward since this can cause blood to flow down the throat and result in nausea. If the bleeding continues for more than 10 minutes, a healthcare facility should be consulted.
How should first aid be administered for burns and bee stings?
For burns, the initial step is to hold the affected area under cold water for 10-15 minutes, and then cover it with a clean cloth. Clothes stuck to the skin should not be forcibly removed, and substances such as toothpaste or yogurt should not be applied to the burn area. In the case of a bee sting, if the stinger remains in the skin, it should be removed carefully, the area washed with cold water, and a cold compress applied to reduce swelling. Medical help should be sought for individuals at risk of allergic reactions.