Glaucoma laser treatment is a procedure applied to reduce intraocular pressure and protect the optic nerve. Alongside medications and drops in the treatment of glaucoma, laser applications are also among the effective options. ALT (Argon Laser Trabeculoplasty) and SLT (Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty) methods are successfully implemented today as alternatives or complements to medications.
How Is Glaucoma Detected?
Regular eye examinations should be conducted to diagnose glaucoma in its early stages. Diagnosis is made by measuring intraocular pressure, assessing the optic nerve, performing visual field tests, and using imaging methods like OCT.
One of the common tests is the tonometry test, where slight pressure is applied to the eye to measure the resistance of the intraocular fluid. Doctors perform this test after providing local anesthesia with eye drops.
A more advanced technology, optical coherence tomography (OCT), uses light to capture detailed images of the retina, enabling doctors to detect any damage or anomalies in the eye.
The pachymetry test measures corneal thickness to help assess the risk of glaucoma.
Based on the results of all these tests, a specialist will evaluate whether the eye pressure is within normal range.
How Is Glaucoma Treated?
The first step in glaucoma treatment is the use of medication. Medication can be in the form of drops or tablets, and is decided upon to reduce intraocular pressure. However, they only alleviate symptoms and do not solve the root cause.
If medications are inadequate, the doctor may recommend laser treatment and surgical operations. In laser treatment, the drainage channels of the tears are opened to reduce pressure.
ALT
Argon laser therapy involves directing laser beams to the trabecular meshwork inside the eye to create holes to expand the movement of the intraocular fluid. The treatment can help reduce intraocular pressure.
SLT
Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) is a treatment method using low-energy laser light targeted at the trabecular meshwork tissue. SLT damages targeted cells to improve the flow of intraocular fluid. It is a less invasive method compared to other laser therapies and can be reapplied.
Stages of Laser Treatment: How Is Glaucoma Laser Treatment Performed?
1. Preparation Process
Before glaucoma laser treatment, the patient undergoes a comprehensive evaluation. Intraocular pressure is measured, and the eye structure is examined in detail. Before the procedure, eye drops that constrict the pupils are applied, ensuring the laser beam is directed correctly during treatment. Local anesthetic drops are applied to ensure the procedure is painless. The patient remains awake during the procedure and does not feel any pain.
2. Laser Application
During the treatment, a specially designed contact lens is placed on the patient's eye, directing the laser beam to the target area. The wavelength and energy of the laser used may vary depending on the choice of SLT or ALT laser method. Generally, the procedure takes 5 to 6 minutes for each eye. The laser beam affects the channel structure facilitating the outward flow of intraocular fluid, helping to reduce pressure.
3. Post-Procedure Follow-Up
Immediately after the laser application, the patient’s intraocular pressure is remeasured. There may be slight stinging and blurriness in the eye, but such effects typically disappear shortly.
Some patients may be prescribed short-term corticosteroid drops to prevent mild inflammation that can occur post-treatment. The patient is usually discharged 1–2 hours after the procedure and is called for a follow-up within a few weeks. This follow-up process is important to prevent vision loss and assess the success of the treatment.
What to Expect After Laser Treatment?
The recovery process begins after eye laser treatment. Within the first few hours, mild burning and itching sensations may occur, which is normal. Care should be taken not to rub your eyes during the recovery process.
You will notice a significant improvement in vision from the first day of treatment. However, full recovery takes between one week and a month. During this period, you should follow your doctor's instructions and attend the prescribed check-ups regularly.
Expected situations after laser treatment may vary depending on the individual.
Is Glaucoma Laser Treatment a Permanent Method?
A permanent treatment for glaucoma cannot be provided with laser treatment, including medications and surgical procedures. Therefore, glaucoma patients need to remain under the supervision of an eye doctor for the rest of their lives.
Does Glaucoma Laser Treatment Have Side Effects?
Laser treatment for glaucoma concludes with minimal side effects. The severity of side effects may vary from person to person and is generally considered non-risky.
Mild inflammation may appear post-treatment, but this can be alleviated within a few days with anti-inflammatory drops. Occasionally, there might be a minor increase in intraocular pressure after the treatment. Such short-term minimal rises are considered normal and can be quickly controlled with various medications.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does glaucoma laser treatment hurt?
No, the procedure is painless and without discomfort. Using local anesthetic drops before the treatment prevents any discomfort during the procedure.
Does the use of drops end after laser treatment?
The use of eye pressure drops changes based on the patient's response to the treatment. In some patients, drop usage may be unnecessary after laser treatment as intraocular pressure reduces; in others, the use of drops may need to continue in support of the treatment.
How long does glaucoma laser surgery take?
The application time is quite short. The laser procedure usually takes 5-6 minutes for each eye; including preparations and final checks, the total duration may average 30 minutes.
Can laser treatment be repeated?
The SLT method can be reapplied when needed because it does not cause permanent damage to the eye tissue. However, Argon Laser treatment is performed only once; a second application to the same area may pose a risk to the eye tissue.