The life-saving effect of first aid highlights the importance of correct and prompt intervention in emergencies such as bleeding and injuries. Correct first aid practices in emergencies can positively affect the patient's health condition by reducing complications. Therefore, it is crucial to be knowledgeable about bleeding and injuries and to perform the necessary interventions correctly.
Types of Bleeding and Danger Levels
The importance of first aid varies depending on the type and severity of the bleeding. While arterial bleeding can pose a life-threatening risk, venous bleeding may progress more slowly but still lead to serious consequences.
It is important to apply appropriate first aid techniques according to the type of bleeding. In arterial bleeding, pressure may need to be applied to stop the bleeding, whereas venous bleeding may require the wound to be cleaned and covered with a sterile bandage. At the same time, the expected arrival time of professional help from outside should also be considered.
The severity of the emergency should always be assessed, and professional help should be obtained when necessary. If there is excessive blood loss or if the depth and width of the wound are unclear, support from medical teams should be urgently requested. Early intervention by professionals can increase the patient's chances of survival and reduce the risk of long-term complications.
First Aid Steps for Injury and Bleeding
The basic first aid steps to be applied in cases of bleeding injuries are as follows:
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Step 1: Ensure Safety
Ensure the safety of both the injured person and the environment before assisting. For example, before rescuing a person injured in a traffic accident, stopping vehicle traffic in the area can prevent another accident.
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Step 2: Take Protective Measures
Using protective equipment such as gloves while intervening with the injured protects both yourself and the injured from the risk of infection. Such precautions should be heeded in injuries caused by cutting or piercing tools.
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Step 3: Call for Professional Help
Depending on the severity of the injury, immediately call 112 to request emergency assistance. With the arrival of a professional medical team on the scene, further intervention can be made and the injured can be transported to the hospital as quickly as possible. This step is one of the most important steps that can increase the injured's chances of survival.
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Step 4: Stop the Bleeding
Apply the correct pressure to control the bleeding in the event of an injury. You can stop the bleeding by applying pressure with a clean cloth or bandage on the wound.
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Step 5: Apply a Tourniquet If Necessary
If the bleeding is severe and cannot be stopped, a tourniquet should be applied. However, applying a tourniquet is a serious decision and carries risks when performed by untrained individuals. Therefore, this step should be withheld until professional help arrives in emergencies.
What Not to Do in Emergencies?
In cases of bleeding injuries, avoiding incorrect applications is as important as correct interventions. Common mistakes during first aid:
Washing the Bleeding Area
Washing the bleeding area with water can prevent clotting and increase bleeding. This action, performed with cleanliness in mind, also increases the risk of introducing bacteria to the open wound. The first priority should be to stop the bleeding, while cleaning should be carried out by healthcare professionals.
Directly Placing Foreign Objects on the Wound
Placing ointment, cotton, bandages, or similar materials directly on an open wound increases the risk of infection. Such interventions can hinder wound closure and delay professional treatment.
Applying a Tourniquet Without Knowledge
A tourniquet should be applied as a last resort in life-threatening severe bleeding and when no other intervention is possible. Incorrectly applied, overly tight, or prolonged use of a tourniquet can cause tissue death and limb loss. If a tourniquet must be applied, it should be done by a trained individual, with the application time noted.
It is important to avoid incorrect first aid interventions that could worsen the condition of an injured individual.
Frequently Asked Questions
What should be done first in the case of bleeding?
Firstly, after ensuring the safety of both the injured person and the environment, direct and steady pressure with a clean cloth should be applied to the bleeding area. Keep the injured calm and remember to call for professional help while attempting to stop the bleeding.
Should a tourniquet be applied for every bleeding?
No. A tourniquet should only be used as a last resort in very severe bleeding that cannot be stopped with direct pressure, especially for limb (arm or leg) injuries, and in life-threatening situations. Incorrect application can lead to tissue loss.
Is it correct to pour cologne or hydrogen peroxide on a wound?
No. Pouring alcohol, cologne, or hydrogen peroxide on an open wound can cause irritation and tissue damage. The priority in first aid is to stop the bleeding.
What should be in a first aid kit?
A basic first aid kit should definitely contain sterile gauze, elastic bandages, adhesive tape, scissors, disposable gloves, an antiseptic solution, and a tourniquet.