Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypertension

According to medical guidelines, a diagnosis of hypertension is made if most measurements show a systolic blood pressure of over 140 mmHg and/or a diastolic pressure of over 90 mmHg. However, the ideal blood pressure value is 120/80 mmHg. In cases where high blood pressure is being treated, the aim is not to reduce the blood pressure to 120/80 mmHg. The target of the treatment can be determined as 140/90, or even up to 150/90 mmHg for those over 65 years of age.

Hypertension is usually manifested by symptoms such as 

- Headache, 

- Throbbing at the back of the neck or head, 

- Dizziness, 

- Ringing in the ears, 

- Sensation of palpitations, 

- Nausea.

 

  If high blood pressure has been present in the body for a long time, the body sometimes gets used to the symptoms. Feeling fine despite having high blood pressure sadly doesn't mean the absence of harm from hypertension. The entire vascular system, heart, and other organs can be damaged, and even collapse could occur, despite it not being felt at the time. Routine examinations and tests are crucial for the early diagnosis of hypertension.

 

Age: Although known as a common disease in older ages, it should not be overlooked that the average age of onset for hypertension has decreased worldwide in recent years. To avoid hypertension at an early age, it is advised to maintain a balanced diet and regular exercise.

Gender: Hypertension is more prevalent among women over 55 and in men under the age of 50.

Smoking and Alcohol Use: Smoking and alcohol use are primary causes of many diseases and are known to increase the risk of hypertension.  

Sedentary Lifestyle: A sedentary lifestyle predisposes individuals to hypertension and heart diseases. Doctors recommend regular exercises, considering the health condition and age of hypertension patients.

Excess Weight: Excess weight significantly increases the risk of hypertension and heart diseases.

Diabetes: Research indicates that diabetics are at a higher risk of developing hypertension compared to non-diabetics, hence the importance of regular check-ups and examinations for diabetic patients.

Sodium Consumption: Not limiting sodium intake increases the risk of hypertension.

Stress: Stress is a primary cause of hypertension. To prevent hypertension, it is advised to avoid stress-inducing factors.

Genetic Factors: Heredity plays an important role in the onset of hypertension. A significant portion of patients with hypertension have a family history of the disease.

In the treatment of hypertension (high blood pressure), the most common challenge physicians face is the perception of patients towards blood pressure medications. Of course, sodium intake will be reduced, weight will be lost, regular walks will be taken, and stress will be avoided. These are fundamental elements. However, it's not possible to tackle serious hypertension using only these measures.

Although a balanced diet is important in the treatment of hypertension, solely consuming foods like garlic, lemon, thyme oil, or flaxseed generally provides comfort rather than a real therapeutic value. Some patients, willing to avoid early medication, may refrain from using the prescriptions given by a doctor. If the patient's condition allows, the physician may first recommend avoiding stress, reducing sodium, walking, and losing weight, either withholding medication or starting with a mild dose. However, if a doctor prescribes medication, it should be started.

Some patients worry about these medications stressing the kidneys or liver, becoming habitual, and they don't want to be dependent on medication. Organs, such as the kidneys, are harmed not by taking these medications but rather by not treating hypertension properly. Untreated hypertension is no different from cancer.

High blood pressure is a chronic disease that requires lifelong monitoring and treatment. For a healthy and long life, hypertension patients should,

- Use prescribed medications regularly,

- Avoid the use of unadvised medications recommended by someone other than their doctor,

- Regularly measure their blood pressure at home and consult their doctor when noticing abnormal levels,

- Pay attention to their diet,

- Engage in regular exercise and not skip routine check-ups.

 

Why Is Early Diagnosis of Hypertension Important

Hypertension is often discovered during routine check-ups or health assessments conducted for other complaints. However, this disease often progresses without symptoms, earning it the title of silent danger. Persistently high blood pressure can lead to serious damage to the heart, brain, kidneys, and vessels. Therefore, early detection of hypertension is crucial. Early diagnosis provides a manageable process with lifestyle changes. Regular blood pressure monitoring is a simple yet effective precaution for those at risk.

Why Does Hypertension Occur? Know the Risk Factors

The answer to why hypertension occurs usually lies in multiple factors. Genetic predisposition, unhealthy dietary habits, obesity, excessive sodium consumption, a sedentary lifestyle, and chronic stress are among the top risks. Older age, diabetes, and kidney diseases also significantly contribute to the development of hypertension. While hypertension is known as high blood pressure, it should not be confused with temporary elevations in blood pressure. Persistent high blood pressure can lead to structural damage in organs. Knowing these causes is a crucial step in preventing and managing the disease.

What Are the Symptoms of Hypertension Known as High Blood Pressure

Since hypertension commonly lacks symptoms, it is a silent disease. However, some individuals may experience headaches, dizziness, nosebleeds, palpitations, and vision problems. In persons experiencing morning headaches, hypertension should be considered. Untreated hypertension in the long term can lead to serious consequences like heart attack, stroke, and kidney failure. If undetected for a long time, the condition known as high blood pressure can become life-threatening. Therefore, regular check-ups should not be neglected even if there are no symptoms.

How is Hypertension Treatment Planned and Implemented

Hypertension treatment is tailored individually, considering the patient’s age, general health, coexisting diseases, and blood pressure levels. Lifestyle changes play a significant role at first: reducing sodium consumption, regular exercise, maintaining an ideal weight, and stress management are recommended. If these measures are inadequate, medication treatment is initiated under doctor supervision. Antihypertensive drugs help regulate blood pressure and prevent organ damage. It's essential to use medications regularly and not to miss doctor check-ups. Managing hypertension directly influences the quality of life.

Lifestyle Changes Against Hypertension

One of the most crucial steps in hypertension treatment is making permanent lifestyle changes. A balanced diet, especially restricting sodium intake, consuming a fruit and vegetable-rich diet, and adequate potassium intake directly affect blood pressure. Also, regular physical activity, such as at least 150 minutes of walking or similar exercise weekly, is beneficial for weight control. Reducing stress and ensuring sleep regulation are essential for controlling blood pressure. Because smoking and alcohol consumption trigger hypertension, avoiding these habits is vital for long-term success.

The Relationship Between Nutrition and Hypertension

Healthy dietary habits are one of the most effective methods for controlling hypertension. Excessive sodium intake causes fluid retention in the body, increasing blood pressure. Therefore, daily sodium intake should not exceed 5 grams. In high blood pressure, consuming foods rich in magnesium, calcium, and potassium is extremely beneficial. Examples include bananas, spinach, avocados, and yogurt. Processed foods, processed meats, and high-sodium sauces should be avoided. Water intake should not be neglected, and natural liquids should be preferred over sugary drinks.

Complications That Hypertension May Cause

Untreated hypertension can lead to serious complications affecting many vital organs. The pressure on the heart increases, potentially leading to heart enlargement, heart failure, or heart attack over time. Similarly, high pressure in cerebral vessels increases the risk of stroke. Blockages in eye vessels may cause vision impairments. Often overlooked but crucial are the kidneys; hypertension can, over time, impair renal function, leading to kidney failure. Therefore, hypertension treatment is critical not only for lowering blood pressure but also to prevent these risks.

Misconceptions About Hypertension in Society

Common misconceptions about hypertension in society can negatively impact the treatment process. For example, the belief that it only occurs among the elderly is false; young individuals can also develop hypertension. Another common mistake is thinking that blood pressure only rises during stressful moments. However, hypertension often progresses without symptoms. Believing that medication treatment leads to dependency might cause patients to quit the treatment. In reality, when used correctly, antihypertensive drugs are protective in the long run and enhance the quality of life.

The Impact of Psychological Factors on Blood Pressure

Stress, anxiety, and long-term psychological pressure can negatively affect blood pressure levels. When the body is stressed, hormones secreted can constrict blood vessels and raise blood pressure. Therefore, maintaining psychological balance is also included in hypertension treatment. Meditation, breathing exercises, yoga, and receiving psychological support can reduce stress-induced blood pressure episodes. It is recommended to make these supports a regular practice, especially for individuals working under intense work pressure.

How Should Blood Pressure Be Monitored at Home

Regularly measuring blood pressure at home is important for monitoring the treatment of individuals diagnosed with hypertension. Measurements made with digital blood pressure devices should be conducted at the same time, in a sitting position and at rest. Before measurement, tea, coffee, and smoking should not be consumed for 30 minutes, and the patient should refrain from movement. Values should be recorded regularly in a notebook and shared during doctor appointments. Home monitoring offers an advantage for confirming the diagnosis and monitoring the effect of the treatment.

What Should Be the Target Blood Pressure Values in Treatment

The usual target blood pressure values in hypertension treatment are below 130/80 mmHg. However, this target may vary depending on the patient’s age, existence of other diseases, and overall health condition. More flexible values may be determined for elderly individuals, while stricter control might be necessary for those with diabetes or kidney diseases. Changing or stopping blood pressure medications without doctor advice can lead to serious risks. It is important to be patient in reaching the target and not to interrupt the treatment process.

 

Frequently Asked Questions

 

How is Hypertension Diagnosed?

Hypertension is typically diagnosed when values from at least two or three separate blood pressure measurements taken at different times are 140/90 mmHg or higher. These measurements should be taken when the individual is relaxed and calm. If necessary, the doctor may request home monitoring of blood pressure or a 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitor. Hypertension diagnosis is not determined by a single measurement but by carefully monitored observations over time. Therefore, regular check-ups are of great importance.

What Does Hypertension Known as High Blood Pressure Mean?

Hypertension, known as high blood pressure, refers to the pressure exerted by the blood pumped by the heart against the walls of the arteries exceeding normal levels. If this condition persists for a long time, it can damage vital organs such as the heart, brain, kidneys, and vessels. The disease typically progresses silently, which can delay its detection. Once diagnosed with hypertension, regular treatment and follow-up are necessary. Failure to control high blood pressure can lead to severe complications.

What is Hypertension? A Comprehensive Explanation

The question "What is hypertension?" can be broadly answered as the persistent elevation of blood pressure within the blood vessels. This condition causes damage to the vessel structure, being among the primary causes of cardiovascular diseases. Hypertension, while being a disease itself, can also signal other conditions. Although it can occur in individuals of all ages, its prevalence increases with age. If undiagnosed, it can pose a significant long-term risk.

What Causes Hypertension? What Are the Risk Factors?

Many factors contribute to the onset of hypertension. Genetic predisposition, excessive sodium intake, obesity, physical inactivity, stress, and smoking are among the primary causes. Additionally, advanced age, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and hormonal disorders play roles in the development of hypertension. Women are at higher risk post-menopause, while men over the age of 45 are more at risk. For these reasons, regular monitoring and healthy lifestyle habits are of great importance.

How is Hypertension Treated?

Hypertension treatment is generally achieved through lifestyle changes and medication. In mild cases, dietary adjustment, sodium restriction, and exercise may suffice, while more severe cases may require antihypertensive drugs from various groups. Treatment is approached individually; each patient’s treatment plan might be different. The regular use of medications and continuing with doctor check-ups enhance treatment success. It's very important for the patient to take an active role during the treatment process.