Menopause is a natural process in women's lives, marked by the cessation of hormone production by the ovaries and the permanent end of the menstrual cycle. While the age of menopause generally varies between 45-55 worldwide, in Turkey, this age range is identified as averaging between 47-49.
Menopause occurring before the age of 40 is termed "early menopause," and it might require a special medical evaluation. Since the effects of menopause can impact women's physiological and psychological health, obtaining expert support during this process is important.
What are the Symptoms of Menopause?
Menopause is a natural turning point in a woman's life and can manifest with various physical and emotional symptoms. These symptoms may vary in intensity from woman to woman, depending on hormonal changes.
The most common symptoms of menopause can be listed as follows:
- Irregularities in the menstrual cycle or its complete cessation
- Night sweats and hot flashes
- Discomfort or pain during sexual intercourse
- Loss of libido as a result of hormonal changes
- Difficulty falling asleep
- Slowed metabolism
- Feelings of anxiety, restlessness, depression, and stress
- Hair loss
- Decreased bone density and risk of osteoporosis
- Dry skin
- Palpitations and headache
- Frequent urination
- Urinary incontinence
What are the Symptoms of Early Menopause?
Menopause is a process that generally occurs in women between the ages of 45-55 and is considered a natural part of aging. Menopause before the age of 45 is defined as "early menopause," which may result from surgical interventions (e.g., removal of ovaries), chemotherapy, or radiation therapy. Menopause occurring before the age of 40 is called "premature menopause." Since early menopause can affect a woman's health both physically and emotionally, it needs to be handled carefully. It is possible to manage this process healthily with a doctor's support.
Is There a Treatment for Menopause?
The primary goal of menopause treatment is to alleviate the symptoms emerging during this period and to improve quality of life. Treatment is usually planned according to individual needs and consists of various methods. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) is a frequently used approach to balance declining estrogen and progesterone levels. In addition, lifestyle changes such as healthy nutrition, regular exercise, and stress management can also help control symptoms. In some cases, medication may be sought for specific health issues such as depression, sleep disorders, or osteoporosis. Natural and herbal supports are also among the preferred alternatives to alleviate menopause symptoms.
Nutrition and Lifestyle Changes During Menopause
During menopause, with the reduction in estrogen hormone, women's metabolism slows, which may facilitate weight gain. In this period, opting for foods rich in fiber and unprocessed foods; consuming foods containing calcium, vitamin D, and omega-3 fatty acids can support bone health. Avoiding sugary and processed foods can support both mental balance and contribute to maintaining hormonal balance.
Physical activities are essential to manage weight control and lower osteoporosis risk. Walking, yoga, or light exercises performed at least three days a week may reduce the symptoms of menopause. To improve sleep quality, attention should be given to sleep patterns; electronic devices should be put away before bedtime, and relaxation techniques should be practiced before sleeping.
Psychological Effects and Coping with Emotional Changes
During the menopause period, women may face not only physical challenges but emotional ones as well. Sudden mood swings, irritability, restlessness, and even feelings of depression are common. The importance of social support networks is significant during this period. Open communication with family members, sharing feelings, and obtaining professional psychological support if needed can help navigate this period more easily.
Stress management techniques are effective methods to mitigate the psychological effects of menopause. It is important to remember that menopause is a natural transition period with temporary symptoms, and by taking good care of oneself, a woman can pass through this process more healthily.
Menopause Testing and Diagnosis Process
Women generally consult a doctor with initial symptoms such as menstrual irregularities or hot flashes. Although menopause diagnosis is often made based on clinical symptoms, in some cases, measuring hormone levels through blood tests might be necessary. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and estrogen levels are determining factors in this process. An increase in FSH levels and a decrease in estrogen levels may indicate the onset of menopause. Some women may still experience occasional menstruation in the postmenopausal period. Hence, the diagnosis process needs to be evaluated by a specialist doctor.
Pay Attention to the Post-Menopausal Period
The post-menopausal period encompasses a process where symptoms lessen, and the body adapts to hormonal changes. However, it is important to continue health check-ups during this period, especially concerning bone density, heart health, and skin health. The risk of heart disease and osteoporosis increases in women post-menopause. Routine checks such as annual mammograms, gynecological examinations, and bone scans should not be neglected.
Post-menopausal skin dryness, hair loss, and similar symptoms may persist. Dermatological support can be sought for these symptoms, or appropriate care products can support skin and hair health. Changes in sexual life can also occur; for situations like vaginal dryness and loss of libido, vaginal moisturizers or local hormone therapies can be used upon doctor recommendations.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a Pseudo-menopause?
Pseudo-menopause is a condition where menstrual bleeding temporarily stops due to hormone therapies or certain medical conditions, but ovarian functions are not entirely lost. Medications used in treating diseases like endometriosis or uterine fibroids can temporarily cause the body to enter menopause. However, this condition is not permanent, and hormonal balance can be restored once the treatment ends. The difference between pseudo-menopause and actual menopause is that the ovaries have not entirely lost their functionality.
What is the latest age for menopause and is late menopause harmful?
The latest age for menopause is generally around 55-60. Due to genetic factors, some women might experience menopause after these ages. While there are some advantages of late menopause, there are also risks. Having higher estrogen levels for a longer period can be beneficial for bone health, but it also increases the risk of breast and uterine cancer.
How long do menopause symptoms last?
The duration and presence of menopause symptoms can vary from person to person. On average, they can continue from the perimenopausal period through the first few years after menopause. Symptoms can last 4-5 years, but some women may experience symptoms persisting up to 10 years.
Is decreased sexual desire normal during menopause?
Yes, a decrease in sexual desire during menopause is quite common due to decreasing estrogen levels. This condition can stem not only from hormonal changes but also from vaginal dryness and discomfort experienced during sexual intercourse. Such issues can negatively affect relationship quality. However, these problems can largely be addressed with appropriate treatments.