The nail can serve as a mirror, providing the first signs of dermatological problems. From this perspective, closely observing structural changes in the nails aids in the early diagnosis and treatment of dermatological issues.
Common Nail Problems
Throughout the day, our hands come into contact with many areas. The health and cleanliness of our fingernails can guide our overall health in this respect. Nail problems can easily occur if adequate care is not given to toenails that remain enclosed in shoes all day. Therefore, regularly caring for our fingernails and toenails and consulting a specialist when facing any structural problems with our nails is important.
Nail Psoriasis
Nail psoriasis is a nail disorder that results in yellowish and oily-looking nails.
It causes pit formations on the nail surface and refers to the effects of psoriasis, which occurs due to an accelerated increase in skin cells, on the nails. In the case of nail psoriasis, which can be a long-term problem, it is important to consult a specialist without delay and follow the recommended treatment steps.
Common signs of nail psoriasis include;
- Space under the nail
- Pitted spots on the nail surface
- Thickening of the nail structure
- Paronychia
- Oily appearance on the nail
- Pain around the nail root and surrounding area
- Lichen
Lichen is a skin condition that causes swelling, irritation, and itching. In some patients with lichen, nail symptoms are also observed. It manifests with signs such as a damaged appearance, thinning, and peeling of the nails. Although there is no known treatment, it is important for patients exhibiting symptoms of lichen to consult a specialist physician to reduce symptoms and ensure rapid healing of skin lesions.
Periungual Warts
Periungual warts are warts caused by the HPV virus, which can spread from person to person. Keeping the hands and feet clean and well-maintained is important in protecting against warts. The verruca vulgaris, one of the most common types of warts, tends to settle around the fingers and nails. Periungual warts that initially appear as needle-sized can grow over time to pea size. Generally, periungual warts are found in individuals with nail-biting habits. They can cause pain and tend to heal slowly. Warts should be treated by following a path determined by a dermatologist. After your examination, your doctor may recommend medication, cryotherapy, cauterization, or surgical treatment.
Nail Fungus
Nail fungus is one of the most common nail problems. It causes thickening and color change in the nail. Nail fungus is more commonly observed in toenails compared to fingernails and is especially seen in brittle and dry-textured nails. This is because microorganisms that cause fungus can more easily settle in the cracks formed in dry, broken nails. Advanced nail fungus can cause pain and lead to permanent structural deformities. While medication treatment can be continued in nail fungus treatment, surgical intervention can also be employed.
Ingrown Toenail
An ingrown toenail refers to the damage of the tissue under the nail due to improper growth patterns of the nail. The big toe is the most commonly affected area by ingrown toenails, but it can occur on all toes. Improper nail trimming, trauma to the nail, iron deficiency, nail infections, uncomfortable shoe choices, and inadequate nail care can lead to ingrown toenails, with symptoms including:
- Redness and pain in the ingrown area
- Skin color change and swelling
- Nail color change
- Thickening of the nail structure
- Breaking and cracking of the nails.
Treatment of ingrown toenails can be achieved with some medications prescribed by a specialist physician and regular nail care.
Nail Fracture
Nail fracture is a fairly common occurrence and does not always indicate a health problem. However, nail fractures can also occur as a result of certain illnesses. Some vitamin and mineral deficiencies are among the most common causes of nail fractures. Additionally, nail fractures can be indicative of health problems such as thyroid disease, fungal infections, psoriasis, and anemia. It is important for individuals experiencing frequent nail fractures to undergo an expert evaluation to ensure early diagnosis of any underlying health issue.
Nail Problems in Infants
In infants, nails are quite delicate and fragile. Common nail problems in the newborn period include ingrown nails, irritation at the nail edges, and infections. Not trimming the baby's nails correctly or cutting them too short can predispose them to toe ingrown issues. Due to the immature immune system, infections like nail fungus can also be observed in infants. Parents are recommended to consult a dermatologist if nail problems occur in infants.
Nail Problems During Chemotherapy
In patients undergoing chemotherapy, hair, skin, and nails may be directly affected due to a weakened immune system. The most common nail problems during chemotherapy include nail discoloration, fracture, thinning, sensitivity in the nail bed, and nail detachment. The risk of developing nail fungus also increases during this process. It is important to protect, moisturize, and start dermatological treatment if necessary for chemotherapy-related nail problems.
Which Doctor Treats Nail Problems?
As nail problems can be indicative of various health issues, proper specialist guidance is essential. Generally, a dermatologist should be consulted for nail problems. Particularly in cases such as nail fungus, ingrown toenails, nail issues in infants, or post-chemotherapy nail disorders, the dermatology department is the most appropriate place to seek help. For some advanced deformities or situations requiring surgical intervention, support from orthopedic or plastic surgery specialists may also be warranted.
Ingrown Toenail Problems
Ingrown toenails, particularly common in the big toe, can significantly affect the quality of life. Factors such as improper nail cutting, use of tight shoes, repetitive trauma, and iron deficiency can exacerbate ingrown toenail problems. Untreated ingrown toenails can lead to infections and necessitate more serious interventions. Hence, consulting a dermatology specialist at an early stage and obtaining necessary medical support is of great importance.
Impact of Iron Deficiency on Nail Health
Iron deficiency is a critical health issue that directly affects nail structure. In individuals with iron deficiency, nail breakage, thinning, spoon nails (upward curling of the nail), and ingrown toenail problems are more common. Iron deficiency can weaken the immune system, making it easier for infections such as nail fungus to develop. It is advised to check iron levels upon noticing structural changes in the nails.
Common Nail Diseases
Among the most frequently encountered nail diseases in the community are nail fungus, nail psoriasis, ingrown nails, lichen, and periungual warts. Particularly, nail fungus should be treated as it can cause both cosmetic and permanent structural damage to the nails. Common nail diseases also include nail problems in infants, which can be easily managed with early diagnosis.
Frequently Asked Questions
How to prevent ingrown nails in babies?
To prevent ingrown nails in babies, nails should not be cut too short, and they should be cut straight rather than rounded. Attention should be given to nail care hygiene, and a dermatology specialist should be consulted at any sign of ingrown nails or redness.
How are nail problems treated after chemotherapy?
For nail problems occurring after chemotherapy, it is important to keep the nails moist, protect them from injury, and take hygiene measures against infection risks. In severe cases, a dermatology specialist can develop an appropriate treatment plan.
Which doctor should I see for nail problems?
For nail problems, you should initially visit the dermatology department. If structural or surgical intervention is required, orthopedic or plastic surgery specialists may also be involved in the process.
How is nail fungus identified and treated?
Nail fungus often presents with symptoms like nail thickening, breakage, yellowing, and a bad odor. Antifungal medications taken orally or topical antifungal creams can be used in the treatment process. In advanced cases, surgical intervention may be necessary.