Varicose veins are the abnormal dilation of veins in our body. The most significant cause of varicose vein formation is valve insufficiency in the veins. These enlargements can occur in every part of the body, most commonly in the legs, but also in the brain, testes, etc.
The reason varicose veins most commonly form in the legs is gravity. Usually, varicose veins begin to appear after valve insufficiency develops in the veins, and over time, the size, course, and severity of the varicose veins increase. The most important risk factor for varicose veins and venous insufficiency is genetic or constitutional predisposition. Certain factors in the environment of a person with genetic predisposition can accelerate or aggravate the formation of varicose veins.
Factors Leading to Varicose Veins Formation
Factors predisposing to varicose veins include advanced age, gender (more commonly seen in women), pregnancy, hot climate conditions, obesity, constipation, menopause, having undergone abdominal surgeries, prolonged sitting or standing. Varicose veins are also known as an occupational disease. People who stand for long hours due to their occupation are more frequently affected by varicose veins. Regular physical activity that can enhance the development of leg muscles reduces the frequency of varicose veins. Examples of occupational groups most affected by varicose veins are barbers, nurses, and teachers.
As age progresses, loss of function and aging occur in the valves of the veins, increasing the rate of varicose vein formation. Hormonal changes during menopause affect all organs in the body and are among the reasons for aging and functional loss in the veins.
Diagnosis of Varicose Veins with Doppler Ultrasound
Symptoms of varicose veins and venous insufficiency are generally swelling in the legs, pain, numbness, itching, and persistent fatigue. If varicose veins are not treated, they can cause severe cramps, pain, and soreness in advanced stages and may even disrupt tissue nutrition. They can create wounds on the legs and clots in the veins.
The onset period of venous insufficiency or varicose veins varies among individuals. Therefore, when there is an issue with the legs and ankles, it is recommended to evaluate the situation with Doppler Ultrasound, a specialized examination technique.
Ultrasound allows for the clearest understanding of whether there is venous insufficiency in the legs and, if present, at what stage. However, listening to the patient's complaints, assessing whether there is a genetic predisposition to varicose veins, and considering the patient's history can provide valuable information. No vascular enlargement, including spider veins, can disappear on its own. Treatment is necessary.
Before varicose vein treatment, it is essential to determine whether there is any clotting in the deep veins. The most common finding of vein obstruction is unilateral swelling and pain in the leg. One of the most frequently used methods for imaging vein obstruction is again the Doppler Ultrasonography method. Since the Ultrasonography device works with sound waves, it has no harm. The main treatment methods for varicose veins are surgical treatment, compression stockings, foam treatment, and endovenous laser treatment. Each method is applied according to the size and prevalence of the varicose veins. In addition, to prevent varicose veins, corsets should not be worn, tight belts should not be used, one should walk for at least 30 minutes daily, and consume at least two liters of water per day.
The Importance of Early Intervention in Diagnosis with Doppler Ultrasound
One of the greatest advantages in the treatment of varicose veins is the early diagnosis of the disease. At this point, Doppler ultrasound allows for a detailed evaluation of the leg veins. With this evaluation conducted when the symptoms are still mild, it is possible to take precautions before the condition worsens. For making a diagnosis of varicose veins, visible vein enlargements alone are not sufficient; potential clots and valve insufficiency in the deep veins should also be evaluated.
Leg health should be regularly checked in all age groups, especially in individuals with risk factors. If a person experiences fatigue, tingling, night cramps, or persistent edema in the ankles, Doppler ultrasonography can clarify whether these complaints are venous-related reasons.
Personalized Approach in Varicose Vein Treatment
A treatment plan for varicose veins is prepared based on the evaluation results obtained with Doppler ultrasound. In some cases, the use of compression stockings alone may be sufficient, while more advanced cases may require foam treatment or endovenous laser treatment. Surgical interventions are applied in cases where large and deep veins are affected and other treatments have not yielded results.
Some patients seek treatment for purely cosmetic complaints, while others present with pain and swelling that severely affect their quality of life. Therefore, each individual's varicose vein condition is different, and Doppler ultrasound is one of the most reliable imaging methods capable of differentiating these unique personal variations.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is Doppler ultrasound a painful procedure?
No, Doppler ultrasonography is a completely painless and harmless procedure. A gel is applied to the skin surface, and the veins are imaged with a probe. Since sound waves are used, it contains no radiation and is a repeatable method.
Can compression stockings alone treat varicose veins?
Compression stockings do not completely eliminate varicose veins, but they help relieve symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. They are used for supportive treatment and significantly reduce complaints, especially in individuals who stand for long periods.
Can all vascular diseases be detected with Doppler ultrasound?
Doppler ultrasound is particularly effective in evaluating the venous system. However, for the diagnosis of some arterial (artery) diseases, more advanced imaging techniques may also be needed. It is the first preferred method for diagnosing varicose veins and guiding treatment.
Is there a risk of recurrence after varicose vein treatment?
Yes, individuals with a genetic predisposition may experience new vascular enlargements after varicose vein treatment. Therefore, lifestyle changes (regular walking, avoiding weight gain, consuming plenty of water) are crucial after treatment. Periodic controls with Doppler ultrasound are effective in early identification of recurrent cases.
