Fever in children is defined as a body temperature exceeding 38°C and is often a natural immune response against infections. Questions such as how to reduce a child's fever, when to use antipyretics, and what are the symptoms of a child's internal fever are frequently among the concerns of parents. The cause, duration, and accompanying symptoms of the fever should be evaluated by a specialist, as they might indicate a more serious health issue than a simple infection.
What Causes Fever in Children?
Fever in children can be due to various reasons. While infections are the most common cause, reactions after vaccinations, teething, and certain systemic diseases can also lead to fever.
1. Viral and Bacterial Infections
- Viral diseases such as flu, cold, COVID-19, and throat infections can cause fever.
- Otitis media, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections are bacterial infections that can also trigger fever.
2. Post-Vaccination Fever
In infants and children, mild fever may be observed after combined vaccines, measles vaccine, or other vaccinations.
3. Teething
The teething process in babies can cause a mild fever; however, it usually does not exceed 38°C.
4. Sunstroke and Hot Weather
Exposure to excessively hot environments for a prolonged period or dehydration can lead to an increase in body temperature.
5. Immune System Diseases
Diseases of the immune system such as leukemia and rheumatoid arthritis can also be underlying causes of fever.
How is Fever Measured?
Using the correct method for measuring fever helps accurately assess the child's body temperature.
- Rectal (Anal) Measurement: Provides the most accurate result, but is mostly used in infants.
- Ear (Tympanic) Measurement: Gives quick results, but the device must be used correctly for an accurate reading.
- Oral Measurement: Suitable for children above the age of 4.
- Axillary (Underarm) Measurement: The most practical method, but less reliable compared to other methods.
Important: Above 38°C is considered a fever, and above 39°C is classified as a high fever.
When is Fever Dangerous in Children?
In certain situations, fever in children may indicate a serious health problem. If you observe the following symptoms, consult a specialist physician without delay:
- If infants under 3 months have a fever of 38°C and above, see a doctor immediately.
- A fever of 39°C and above can be risky, particularly in young children.
- If fever is accompanied by convulsions, confusion, persistent drowsiness, or skin rash, emergency medical help is necessary.
How to Reduce Fever in Children?
Fever in children can be controlled with plenty of fluid intake, warm compresses, and appropriate use of antipyretics. Different methods can be applied at home to alleviate the fever's course; however, if the fever is high, persistent, or accompanied by other symptoms, consulting a specialist is essential.
Some effective methods to reduce fever in children include:
1. Ensure Plenty of Fluid Intake
- Ensure children consume fluids like water, breast milk, juice, or soup.
- There is a high risk of dehydration as sweating increases with fever.
2. Give a Warm Bath or Apply Compress with a Wet Cloth
- Aiding with a bath in warm water instead of cold water can help reduce fever.
- You can apply a compress with a cloth soaked in warm water on the forehead, underarms, and groin area.
3. Dress in Thin and Lightweight Clothes
- Instead of layering, choose thin and cotton clothes for your child.
- Using thick blankets can further increase body temperature.
4. Maintain a Balanced Room Temperature
- Keep the room temperature around 22-24°C, avoiding extreme hot or cold environments.
- Regularly ventilate the room to provide fresh air.
5. Use Antipyretics with Doctor's Recommendation
Antipyretics containing Paracetamol (Calpol, Minoset) or Ibuprofen (Dolven, Ibufen) can be used under doctor supervision. Aspirin should definitely not be given to children. The proper medication and dosage should be determined by a specialist physician according to the child's age, weight, and general health condition; no medication should be administered without consulting a doctor.
6. Pay Attention to Nutrition
- Opt for light and easily digestible foods (soup, yogurt, fruit).
- Avoid heavy and fatty foods.
What Should Not Be Done to Lower Fever in Children
- Do not apply compresses with alcohol or vinegar.
- Do not bathe the child in ice-cold water.
- Do not leave the child in extremely hot or cold environments.
- Do not administer medication without consulting a doctor.
When to Visit a Doctor for a Feverish Child?
If a baby under 3 months old has a fever exceeding 38°C, see a doctor immediately. Consult a specialist if the fever lasts more than 3 days. If the child displays the following symptoms along with fever, seek immediate medical attention:
- Seizure activity
- Persistent drowsiness or loss of consciousness
- Skin turning blue or rashes
- Severe headache or neck stiffness
- Continuous vomiting or diarrhea
Fever in children is generally a natural response to infections and is usually harmless. However, if the high fever persists or dangerous symptoms appear, consulting a doctor is essential. Methods that can be applied at home such as warm showers, plenty of fluid intake, thin clothes, and suitable antipyretics can help control the child’s fever.
What Are Febrile Seizures Related to Fever in Children?
Seizures seen with fever are common in children and are mostly seen between the ages of 6 months and 5 years. These seizures, caused by a temporary disruption in electrical activity in the brain due to a sudden rise in high fever, are generally short-lived and do not usually recur.
Although the exact cause of the seizures is unknown, it is thought that high fever may have a triggering effect on the brain. Seizures occur when the child’s fever rises above 39°C, but it can also happen at lower temperatures.
Symptoms of Febrile Seizure
- Eyes rolling upwards or a fixed gaze
- Seizures or tremors in the body
- Loss of consciousness
- Short-term seizures and body stiffness
Treatment of Febrile Seizures
Febrile seizures usually resolve on their own, but if you notice your child having a seizure, it is important to take a few calm steps:
- Lay your child down in a safe place, away from hard objects.
- Do not attempt to stabilize your child’s head or put anything in their mouth. If the seizure lasts more than 5 minutes, seek urgent medical assistance immediately.
- You can use antipyretics to reduce fever with the doctor's recommendation and comfort your child.
Each seizure case requires individual evaluation; the situation that occurs should be followed by a pediatric health specialist.
What Can Be Done to Reduce the Risk of Febrile Seizures in Children?
Preventing the recurrence of febrile seizures involves promptly addressing the child’s rapidly rising fever. Ensuring plenty of fluid intake and using antipyretics can help control the fever. Additionally, avoiding triggering factors such as excessive heat and stress can help reduce the risk of seizures. Febrile seizures usually do not pose a serious health problem, and most children recover. However, it is essential for the situation to be evaluated and monitored by a healthcare professional.
Frequently Asked Questions
What home care methods can be applied for children with fever?
Feed your child plenty of fluids. Water, breast milk, or fruit juices can be preferred. Additionally, giving a warm bath or applying warm compresses can help reduce the fever. Dress them in light clothes and avoid excessively hot environments.
When is fever dangerous in children?
A fever exceeding 39°C can be dangerous in children. Infants under 3 months with a fever exceeding 38°C should be checked by a doctor. Symptoms such as convulsions, persistent drowsiness, loss of consciousness, and skin rashes with fever require emergency intervention.
Is it safe to use antipyretic medication in children?
Antipyretic medications should be used with a doctor's recommendation. Medication should not be given to children without consulting a doctor as it could increase the risk of Reye’s syndrome.
What should be done if fever persists for a long time in children?
If the child's fever lasts more than 3 days, it is essential to consult a doctor. Prolonged fever may indicate the body's response to another problem, requiring professional intervention.
