A smear test is conducted for the early diagnosis and screening of cervical cancer. This test, an important part of routine gynecological check-ups, allows the early detection of precursor lesions of cervical cancer. For women, this test can provide effective protection against serious illnesses.
What is a Smear Test?
Also known as a Pap Smear, the smear test is a screening test aimed at detecting cancer and pre-cancerous changes through cell samples taken from the cervix. The test can help identify abnormal cell changes and HPV infections in the cervical area.
How is a Pap Smear Test Performed?
The Pap smear test is a simple and brief procedure performed during a gynecological examination. During the examination, a swab is taken from the area known as the cervix within 5-10 seconds using a brush. The collected cell sample is then sent to a laboratory.
The procedure usually takes 1-2 minutes, requires no anesthesia, and most women feel only slight pressure.
When and How Often Should a Smear Test be Done?
Pap Smear, a screening test that every woman with a sexual life should regularly take, should be conducted from the age of 21 and repeated every three years. However, when combined with an HPV test, this interval can be extended up to five years.
The interval for taking the test can be determined based on factors such as the doctor's recommendation, the patient's age, previous test results, and risk factors.
What Do Smear Test Results Mean?
The test results are generally divided into three main categories:
Results reported in the Normal category indicate that the cells are healthy and follow-up is sufficient. In this case, routine check-ups continue.
In the Abnormal category, mild or advanced cell changes can be detected.
When results in the third category, Insufficient, are obtained, the sample taken during the test may not be suitable for evaluation. In such a case, a repeat smear test may be necessary, or a different evaluation method may be applied.
What is the Difference Between an HPV Test and a Smear Test?
Two separate tests used for the early detection of cervical cancer are the HPV screening and the smear test. The smear is conducted by examining cell samples taken from the cervix. In this test, cervical cancer or precursor lesions can be identified.
The HPV Test is performed to detect the presence of the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). HPV is a common cause of cervical cancer. By identifying the presence of the virus with the HPV Test, early prevention can be taken against this risk factor.
Frequently Asked Questions
When should a smear test be performed?
The smear test is recommended for every woman starting at age 21. To ensure accurate results, it is advised not to perform the test during menstruation, and the individual should avoid sexual intercourse for 24 hours before the test.
Is the smear test painful?
No, it is not a painful test. While a slight pressure or discomfort may be felt, the procedure is brief, allowing most women to get through this process easily.
Can a smear test be performed during pregnancy?
Yes, it can be safely performed during pregnancy. It is generally preferred to be done in the first trimester of pregnancy; a control test may be recommended after childbirth.
Which diseases can a smear test help detect early?
It is used to detect cervical cancer and pre-cancerous cellular changes. Thus, risky conditions that have not yet shown symptoms can be detected at an early stage, allowing the treatment process to be managed successfully.