Diabetic Retinopathy and Its Surgery

The high level of sugar in the blood caused by diabetes harms the arteries, veins, and very fine capillaries throughout the body. Diabetes negatively affects the functioning of the eye, especially the nerve layer (retina) and the capillaries within this layer, leading to potential vision loss. Retinal disorders associated with diabetes are referred to as diabetic retinopathy. In the early stages, these disorders may not cause any complaints in the patient and are usually detected incidentally.

The duration of diabetes is one of the primary risk factors in the development of diabetic retinopathy. In type 1 or insulin-dependent young diabetics, the frequency of retinopathy increases with age after puberty. Irregular blood sugar levels facilitate the deterioration of the retina and the progression of the disease. Pregnancy, hypertension, high blood fats (hyperlipidemia), and kidney disease are other factors that can exacerbate retinopathy.

FFA (Fundus Fluorescein Angiography) is an important diagnostic tool for identifying patients who require treatment. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the identification, classification, and treatment formulation of vision center damage associated with diabetes through the widespread use of optical coherence tomography (OCT). Our clinic also offers OCT Angiography (angioplex). In OCT Angiography, unlike traditional eye angiography, medications are not administered via intravenous means. 3D (three-dimensional) angiographic imaging of the eye is provided.

Treatment: Early-stage damage to the eye's vessels can be halted and permanent vision loss can be prevented with argon laser photocoagulation. In several stages of retinal damage caused by diabetes, intraocular injections may be necessary in treatment. In very advanced cases, intraocular hemorrhages can be cleared and intraocular membranes can be peeled away using pars plana vitrectomy surgery.