Hearing tests for children and infants are crucial screening and diagnostic tools that allow for a reliable and objective assessment of hearing ability. These tests are conducted by audiology specialists using methods appropriate for the child's age and developmental level. Tests conducted on infants are typically based on physiological responses rather than behavioral reactions and use special equipment for highly sensitive results. Early evaluation of hearing functions is a process that directly affects not only hearing but also language development, learning capacity, and cognitive functions.
Why is Hearing Testing Conducted in Infants?
Hearing testing in infants is vital for the early diagnosis and intervention of congenital hearing loss. It also allows infants with hearing issues to start educational and therapy processes early, thereby improving their quality of life. Therefore, it is of great importance to perform hearing tests regularly in infants and to take necessary actions based on the results.
Newborn hearing tests conducted during the newborn period are crucial for the early diagnosis of congenital hearing loss. The test can help evaluate the baby's hearing ability and take necessary precautions. Early hearing tests support the child in gaining healthy communication skills by preventing potential delays in language development.
Advantages of Early Diagnosis:
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Initiation of speech and language development concurrently with peers
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Support for social, cognitive, and emotional development
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Timely implementation of necessary treatment
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Inclusion of families in the process in an informed manner
In children where hearing loss is detected late, there could be delays in the language learning process and social isolation might occur. Hence, diagnosis should be made within the first six months, and intervention should take place before the age of one.
How is the Hearing Test Conducted in Newborn Babies?
Hearing tests in infants are conducted by an audiometrist or a qualified health professional. A small earphone is placed in the baby's ear to play sounds. The brain waves are measured to evaluate hearing ability. The hearing test should be conducted as soon as possible after birth since, in the case of early diagnosis, necessary treatment can begin, and measures can be taken regarding hearing issues.
Basic Test Methods Applied to Newborn Babies
1. OAE Test
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Measures the response of hair cells in the inner ear to sound.
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A small probe is placed in the baby's ear, and sound is introduced from outside.
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The reflection created by this sound in the inner ear is recorded via a microphone.
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It is a quick and comfortable test, lasting about 3-5 minutes.
2. BERA Test
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Applied to babies with suspicious results in the OAE.
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Evaluates whether the sound reaches the brainstem using electrodes.
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Checks the neurological auditory pathway.
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It is preferred that the baby is calm or asleep.
When and How Often Should Hearing Tests be Conducted in Infants?
Newborn hearing screening should be conducted within the first 24 to 72 hours after birth. The initial test allows for an objective early evaluation of the infants' hearing functions.
If the first test results are unsuccessful or suspicious, it is repeated within 10 to 15 days. This does not necessarily mean a definite hearing loss; external factors might temporarily affect the result.
If insufficient data is obtained in the second test, the infant is referred for a more detailed audiological evaluation. Infants with hearing issues should be diagnosed by the third month at the latest and treated if necessary. This timing is crucial for language development.
How is the Hearing Test Administered in Children?
Hearing tests in children are generally conducted by an audiometrist or hearing specialist. These tests are performed to evaluate the child's hearing level and identify possible hearing problems. During the test, a small earphone is placed in the child's ear, and different frequency sound tones are played to record the child's responses. The results help in determining the child's hearing level and planning necessary treatment and support programs.
Test Methods Applied in Children
1. Play Audiometry (Ages 2-5)
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The child responds with a toy when they hear a sound.
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Provides assessment of whether there is hearing loss in a play environment.
2. Pure Tone Audiometry (Ages 5 and above)
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Headphones are placed on the child, and sounds of different frequencies are given.
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The child is expected to respond by raising a hand or pressing a button to the sounds heard.
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Both ears are tested separately.
3. Tympanometry (All ages)
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Evaluates middle ear pressure and eardrum mobility.
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Ear infections, fluid accumulation, Eustachian dysfunction, and other conditions.
4. Speech Audiometry
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Tests whether the child can hear and understand words.
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Especially beneficial for assessing speech development during the preschool period.
When Should the Hearing Test Be Repeated?
Even if the initial results of a hearing screening are normal, some clinical signs may require reevaluation of the child's hearing health. At this point, it is vital for families to closely observe the child's auditory responses to detect any potential hearing loss early.
If one or more of the following symptoms are observed, it is recommended that the child undergo an audiological evaluation:
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Inconsistent reaction to their name or environmental sounds
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Noticeable delay in speech development or complete lack of speech
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Tendency to watch television or electronic devices at a volume higher than necessary
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Frequently expressing that they cannot hear or asking people to repeat sentences
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Having trouble communicating in social environments, tendency toward introversion
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Recurring ear infections, especially accompanying upper respiratory tract infections
Such findings may indicate a temporary or permanent impairment in hearing level. Therefore, hearing tests conducted only during the newborn period are not sufficient; risk factors related to hearing should be carefully monitored throughout the child's developmental process.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is the newborn hearing test mandatory?
Yes. The hearing test is a screening test that should be applied to all babies. Not performing the test may lead to late detection of potential hearing losses.
How many days after birth should the hearing test be done?
The hearing test should be done within the first 24 to 72 hours after birth. However, for infants discharged early, it is recommended to complete the test by the 30th day at the latest. A delay might adversely affect the diagnosis and intervention process.
Are hearing tests risky for infants?
No. OAE and BERA tests are non-invasive, painless procedures completed in a very short time. The infant does not feel any discomfort during the test, which is mostly conducted while they are asleep.
If there is a family history of hearing loss, does the screening process differ?
Yes. If there is a hereditary hearing loss history in the family, the baby is considered in a higher-risk group, and hearing screenings are closely monitored. If necessary, advanced tests may be recommended at an early stage.