The kissing disease, infectious mononucleosis, is an infectious disease that develops due to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). It is commonly referred to as the kissing disease because the virus is most often transmitted through saliva. However, the disease can also be transmitted via sharing common items, not just by kissing. Although it is more common among adolescents and young adults, it can also occur during childhood. The course of the disease may vary from person to person; in some individuals, it is mild, while in others, it may manifest with prolonged fatigue and a sense of tiredness.
What is the Kissing Disease (Infectious Mononucleosis)?
The kissing disease is an infectious viral disease caused by the Epstein–Barr virus. It's commonly known as the "kissing disease" because it is most frequently spread during kissing, but it can also be transmitted through shared use of utensils like glasses and cutlery.
The disease is most commonly seen in teenagers and young adults, but it can also occur in childhood. The clinical course varies among individuals: some experience only mild sore throat and fatigue, while others may show more pronounced symptoms like fever, swelling of lymph nodes, and prolonged fatigue. After infection, the virus can remain dormant in the body; most individuals experience the disease only once and develop immunity.
What Causes the Kissing Disease?
The kissing disease arises as a result of infection with the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). EBV is a common virus belonging to the herpesvirus family, and most individuals encounter this virus at some point in their lives. After entering the body, the virus can affect the immune system, leading to infectious mononucleosis.
The primary factor in the development of the disease is the transmission of the virus through saliva. After infection, the virus begins to proliferate in immune cells, resulting in symptoms such as fever, sore throat, swelling of lymph nodes, and fatigue.
Epstein–Barr infections in childhood often present with mild symptoms, while during adolescence and young adulthood, the infection may cause more significant complaints. This variation is due to differences in the immune response to the virus depending on age.
What are the Symptoms of the Kissing Disease in Children?
In children, the kissing disease may manifest more mildly compared to adults. Symptoms often resemble those of upper respiratory infections. Common symptoms in children include:
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Mild fever
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Sore throat
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Runny nose
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Fatigue
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Loss of appetite
For this reason, the kissing disease may sometimes go unnoticed in children. In cases of persistent and recurrent complaints, evaluation by a specialist is important.
How is the Kissing Disease Diagnosed?
Diagnosis of the kissing disease is made by evaluating the patient's complaints, clinical examination findings, and necessary laboratory tests. Since the disease can present with symptoms like sore throat, fever, and prolonged fatigue, it may sometimes be confused with other upper respiratory tract infections.
During the diagnostic process, the doctor examines the throat, tonsils, lymph nodes in the neck and underarms, and the overall health condition. After clinical findings, blood tests may be requested to support the diagnosis.
Blood tests evaluate the immune system's response to the virus and changes in certain blood cells. If necessary, tests specific to the Epstein–Barr virus can provide a definitive diagnosis. Differentiating other infections with similar symptoms is also an important part of the diagnostic process.
How is the Treatment of the Kissing Disease Planned in Adults?
In adults, treatment of the kissing disease can be planned based on supportive approaches due to its viral nature. There is no specific antiviral treatment for the disease. The primary goal of the treatment plan is to alleviate symptoms and support the individual's recovery process. Generally, during the treatment process:
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Adequate rest,
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Increased fluid intake,
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Management of fever and pain,
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Limitation of daily activities
are recommended.
How is the Kissing Disease Treated in Children?
Treatment of the kissing disease in children is planned to alleviate the child's complaints and ensure a comfortable recovery process. Ensuring the child gets enough rest helps the immune system fight the infection more rapidly. Moreover, increased fluid intake is important for controlling fever and sore throat. Fever reducers and pain relievers may be used if deemed appropriate by the physician.
While the kissing disease usually proceeds mildly in children, regular monitoring may be necessary if symptoms persist or the general condition worsens. During the disease, it is recommended that the child does not engage in strenuous physical activity and especially refrains from contact sports for a period.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is the kissing disease contagious?
Yes, the kissing disease is a contagious infection. It is most commonly spread through saliva, and the risk of transmission can increase in environments with close contact.
Does the kissing disease only spread through kissing?
No. While kissing is the most well-known form of transmission, it can also spread through shared use of glasses, forks, spoons, or beverage bottles.
How long does it take for the kissing disease to pass?
The acute symptoms of the disease usually decrease within a few weeks. However, fatigue and a feeling of tiredness may persist for a longer period in some individuals.
Which age group is most commonly affected by the kissing disease?
The kissing disease is most commonly seen in teenagers and young adults. Infections during childhood often proceed mildly or may go unnoticed.
