Dyshidrotic eczema is a chronic and recurrent skin condition characterized by small, water-filled blisters, especially on the hands and feet. This condition, which presents with symptoms such as severe itching, a burning sensation, and skin peeling, can affect the quality of life. This type of eczema requires dermatological follow-up and can be controlled with the correct treatment methods.
What is Dyshidrotic Eczema?
Dyshidrotic eczema is a type of eczema where small blisters form on the skin. This condition, seen on the hands and feet, can cause itching, burning, and pain. Dyshidrotic eczema can emerge due to stress and may recur if not treated.
It is seen in individuals between the ages of 20 and 40 and is more common in women. When the blisters burst, cracks, peeling, and sensitivity may develop on the skin. The sensation of itching can be quite intense, negatively affecting the individual's daily life.
What Causes Dyshidrotic Eczema?
Dyshidrotic eczema can be caused by external factors such as stress, allergies, fungal infections, or exposure to chemicals. Genetic predisposition can also be influential in the emergence of dyshidrotic eczema.
Allergic Contact and Sensitivity Reactions
Those with dyshidrotic eczema may develop reactions after contact with metals like nickel, cobalt, and chromium. Eczema attacks can be triggered in people who frequently come into contact with jewelry, metal objects, detergents, or industrial materials.
Stress and Emotional Transitions
Psychological stress can affect the immune system, triggering inflammatory processes. In individuals with dyshidrotic eczema, lesions may increase, and attacks may be severe during stressful periods.
Excessive Sweating
Excessive sweating of the hands and feet is one of the environmental factors that can trigger dyshidrotic eczema. Accumulation of sweat on the skin in hot and humid weather conditions or while wearing synthetic shoes for long periods can facilitate the formation of water blisters.
Immune System Imbalances
Individuals with a history of allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis and asthma are at higher risk for developing dyshidrotic eczema. This situation can be explained by an overreaction of the immune system to the skin barrier.
Infections and Skin Trauma
In some cases, fungal infections or minor skin injuries may lead to lesions similar to dyshidrotic eczema. Problems like athlete's foot can trigger or exacerbate hand and foot eczema.
Exposure to Irritant Substances
Frequent exposure to chemical products such as soap, detergent, perfume, and bleach can cause irritation on the skin, initiating eczema attacks. Cleaning processes performed without protective gloves can initiate the development of dyshidrotic eczema on the hands.
Genetic Predisposition
Individuals with a family history of eczema have a higher likelihood of developing dyshidrotic eczema. This situation may result from genetically weaker skin barriers or a more sensitive immune system.
What are the Symptoms of Dyshidrotic Eczema?
The main symptom of dyshidrotic eczema is the sudden appearance of water-filled blisters on the hands and feet. These blisters can be painful and appear individually or in clusters. Other symptoms include:
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Intense itching on the hands and feet
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Small, fluid-filled, deeply seated blisters
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Skin cracks formed by bursting blisters
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Dryness and peeling
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Sensation of sensitivity, burning, and stinging
The blisters usually disappear within two to three weeks, but redness and sensitivity may persist in the underlying area. Dyshidrotic eczema on the feet can make walking difficult, while hand conditions can affect daily tasks.
How is Dyshidrotic Eczema Diagnosed?
The diagnosis of dyshidrotic eczema can be made through a clinical evaluation by a dermatologist. The skin's typical blister structure, the intensity of itching, and the localization of lesions provide clues for diagnosis. An important element in diagnosis is carefully taking the patient's history and evaluating the lesions through physical examination.
Methods that may be employed to support the diagnosis or to rule out other skin diseases that could cause similar symptoms include:
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Patch Test: Can be used to determine if the eczema is of allergic origin.
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Fungal Culture: Can be performed to verify the possibility of a fungal infection in foot lesions.
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Biopsy: In cases where symptoms are unclear or similar to other dermatological diseases, a skin biopsy may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
How is Dyshidrotic Eczema Treated?
The primary aim in treating dyshidrotic eczema is to reduce itching and dry out the blisters. Special creams, lotions, or medications can be used to achieve this. Additionally, using moisturizing creams can be beneficial in reducing the symptoms of eczema. In addition to treatment, implementing stress-reducing techniques can also alleviate the symptoms of dyshidrotic eczema.
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Light Therapy: Involves using UV light to help the skin heal. This method can quickly help the skin regenerate.
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Draining Blisters: Should be done only when approved by expert physicians. If individuals attempt to perform this procedure themselves, there is a risk of spreading and worsening dyshidrotic eczema.
Managing Eczema in Daily Life
It is very important to cope with eczema in daily life. Individuals with eczema need to moisturize their skin, protect themselves from irritants, and apply stress management techniques. Also, medications and creams used under doctor recommendations can help control eczema symptoms. Paying attention to these precautions in daily routines can lead to a healthier life with eczema.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is dyshidrotic eczema contagious?
No, dyshidrotic eczema is not a contagious skin disease. The blisters on the skin are not caused by a virus or bacteria, so they do not spread from person to person.
Which occupational groups are more at risk?
People who frequently wash their hands or are exposed to cleaning products or metals may fall into the risk group. Especially healthcare workers, hairdressers, cleaning personnel, and those working in the construction sector may be more frequently affected.
What are the main factors that trigger eczema attacks?
Stress, hot and humid weather, allergic reactions, metal contact, and some soaps or detergents are among common triggers.
What complications can arise if not treated?
If dyshidrotic eczema is not treated, skin cracks, infection development, and chronic lesions may be observed. Additionally, intense itching can negatively impact quality of life.