Dyshidrotic eczema is a chronic and recurrent skin condition characterized by small water-filled blisters, especially on the hands and feet. This condition, manifested by severe itching, burning sensation, and skin peeling, can affect the quality of life. This type of eczema requires dermatological follow-up and can be controlled with the right treatment methods.
What is Dyshidrotic Eczema?
Dyshidrotic eczema is a type of eczema where small blisters form on the skin. This condition, seen on the hands and feet, can cause itching, burning, and pain. Dyshidrotic eczema arises due to stress and can recur if not treated.
It is seen in individuals aged 20 to 40 and is more common in women. When the blisters burst, cracks, peeling, and sensitivity may occur on the skin. The sensation of itching is quite intense and can negatively affect a person's daily life.
What Causes Dyshidrotic Eczema?
Dyshidrotic eczema can be caused by external factors such as stress, allergies, fungal infections, or exposure to chemicals. Genetic predisposition may also play a role in the development of dyshidrotic eczema.
Allergic Contact and Sensitivity Reactions
Individuals with dyshidrotic eczema may develop reactions after contact with metals such as nickel, cobalt, and chromium. Eczema attacks can be triggered in people who frequently come into contact with jewelry, metal objects, detergents, or industrial materials.
Stress and Emotional Transitions
Psychological stress can affect the immune system, triggering inflammatory processes. In individuals with dyshidrotic eczema, it is observed that lesions increase and attacks are severe during stressful periods.
Excessive Sweating
Excessive sweating on the hands and feet is one of the environmental factors that trigger dyshidrotic eczema. In hot and humid weather conditions or when spending extended periods wearing synthetic footwear, sweat accumulation on the skin can facilitate the formation of water blisters.
Immune System Imbalances
Individuals with a history of allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis and asthma are at a higher risk of developing dyshidrotic eczema. This situation can be explained by the immune system's excessive response against the skin barrier.
Infections and Skin Trauma
In some cases, fungal infections or minor skin injuries can lead to lesions resembling dyshidrotic eczema. Problems like athlete’s foot can trigger or exacerbate hand and foot eczema.
Exposure to Irritant Substances
Frequent contact with chemical products such as soap, detergents, perfumes, and bleach can initiate eczema attacks by causing irritation on the skin. Especially, cleaning processes done without protective gloves can initiate the development of dyshidrotic eczema on the hands.
Genetic Predisposition
Family members with a history of eczema are more likely to develop dyshidrotic eczema. This situation may stem from a genetically weaker skin barrier or a more sensitive immune system.
What are the Symptoms of Dyshidrotic Eczema?
The main symptom of dyshidrotic eczema is the sudden appearance of water-filled blisters on the hands and feet. These blisters can be painful and may appear separately or in groups. Other symptoms include:
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Intense itching on the hands and feet
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Small, fluid-filled deep-seated blisters
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Skin cracks formed by the bursting of blisters
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Dryness and peeling
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Sensitivity, burning, and stinging sensation
The blisters generally disappear within two to three weeks, but redness and sensitivity may persist in the underlying area. Dyshidrotic eczema on the feet can make walking difficult, while the condition on the hands can affect daily tasks.
How is Dyshidrotic Eczema Diagnosed?
The diagnosis of dyshidrotic eczema can be made by a dermatologist through clinical evaluation. The typical blister structure on the skin, the intensity of itching, and the localization of lesions provide clues for diagnosis. The key element in diagnosis is the careful collection of the patient's history and the evaluation of lesions through physical examination.
In necessary cases, the following methods can be employed to support the diagnosis or to rule out other skin diseases that may cause similar symptoms:
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Patch Test: This can be used to determine if the eczema has an allergic origin.
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Fungal Culture: This can be performed on lesions observed on the feet to check for the possibility of a fungal infection.
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Biopsy: In cases where symptoms are not clear or similar to other dermatological diseases, a skin biopsy may be required to confirm the diagnosis.
How is Dyshidrotic Eczema Treated?
The primary goal in the treatment of dyshidrotic eczema is to reduce itching and dry out the blisters. Special creams, lotions, or medications can be used to achieve this. Additionally, using moisturizing creams to reduce eczema symptoms can be beneficial. In addition to treatment, applying stress-reducing techniques can also alleviate dyshidrotic eczema symptoms.
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Light Therapy: Light therapy, which helps the skin heal, involves the use of UV light to clear the skin. This method allows the skin to renew itself quickly.
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Draining Blisters: Draining the blisters should be done when authorized by medical professionals. If a person attempts this process independently, there is a risk of dyshidrotic eczema spreading and worsening.
Managing Eczema in Daily Life
Coping with eczema in daily life is quite important. Individuals with eczema should moisturize their skin, protect it from irritant substances, and apply stress management techniques. Additionally, medications and creams recommended by doctors can also help control eczema symptoms. By paying attention to these precautions in the daily routine, it is possible to lead a healthier life with eczema.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is Dyshidrotic Eczema Contagious?
No, dyshidrotic eczema is not a contagious skin disease. The blisters formed on the skin are not caused by a virus or bacteria and do not spread from person to person.
Which occupational groups are at higher risk?
Individuals who frequently wash their hands or are exposed to cleaning products or metals may be in the risk group. Healthcare workers, hairdressers, cleaning staff, and construction workers may be more frequently affected.
What are the main factors that trigger eczema attacks?
Stress, hot and humid weather, allergic reactions, contact with metals, and certain soaps or detergents are common triggers.
What complications can occur if untreated?
If left untreated, dyshidrotic eczema can lead to skin cracks, infection development, and chronic lesions. Additionally, intense itching can negatively affect the quality of life.